William p



W P. HAMMOND. MEANS FOR REFLECT-ING AND O BSERVING TRAFEIC CONDITIONS FOR AUTOMOBILES.

APPLICATION men Aus\2, l9I3.- RENEWED JAN; 16, 1919.

I 1,437,974, Patented Dec. 5, 1922.

' amen bow a}: v

v wimeoow' Patented Dec. 5, 1922.

v ILLIAM-1 HAMMOND, zoan-nw YORK, in. Y.

ynrnans Eon n-nrnncrmennn ossnnvme TRAFFIC CONDITIONS non AU'roivrorirmzis.

Application filed Augnst2, .1913,-Seri a1 narsaess. "Renewed January 18,1919. seriarnawavrsoe.

o cal whom 21/ may concern.

' Be it known 'that'I; illman "P. HAM- Mom), -C'1trZ6I1 of theUnited States, "residing illfiNEW York, in the 'countyotf NewYork Bandfitate of New York, have-invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means gtorlifitacting and Observing'lrafiic Conditions for Automobiles, of \ivhi'ch the following'is a specificationi i This "nvention relates to mirrors for mo torv vehicles.

lt is an object of this invention to provide 1 a mirror which will :reflect comprehensively a view of trailic conditions an the rearoizthe automobile within the *operators range -of vision, this viewbeing-observable hile sit- "ting'in usual driving position so; that without turningthe-ahead, it lis possiblestoinstantly and practically simultaneously know the exact conditionioi" both front and rear trafiic iCOllLlltlOllSsgttIlCl in this manner, the operators vigilance regarding objects in the path of tra-velneed not iforlan' instant :be replaned reatly facilitating the avoidance of accidents. i

I My invention therefore' comprehends the association Offla'vmiIIOIK and windshield in such relation to, each other as-to present superposed zones of observation, the mirror plane-withrespect tothe -\v-indsh .elcl, so that i the ,o-perators 4 observation through the .windshi'eld of trailic "conditions in-the directio-n of travel! andrhisobservation of traili'c 'conditions' in the rear last reflected through the i'niri"or-may- =be-accomplished substanfrontitrafli'o conditionsvsor as .to:1ninimize the danger of accident to-l1fe anddamag-e .to

property. It is "this desideratum'-that n1yzinvention has 111 y1exv and byaneansu of-which its accomplishment 1S attained.

In its; I broader aspect any invention coni templates a mirror-wwhich will-reflect not i only objects "directlyinthe rear otbut also objeots to -theside-; an'cl rear. oft-the :automobile,:thusobviating the necessity ofthe 1 gdriver turning his headsto observe apassing occupying an -upper substantially parallelz easy the ascertainment of both --rear and =car when it overtakes ihim and is passing from the rear. It is also the object ofthis' invention to-provide a device which will accomplish the previously mentioned'objects withoutprotruding from the side of the vehicle, thus eliminating vibration wvhich hinder-s observation and the danger of such protruding members being struck and knocked off, a'vhich will be in a 1uost"convenien't position for the automobile opera- 'tors use'vvithout interfering with such 0p,-

erators viemwhich Willbe readily adjustable independently of the windshield adj ustment or'of anyautomobile part and Which Will have no dependence upon the'portion of such other parts for other than support.

' Mirrors heretofore used on vehicles have either projected from-the .side ofthe'vehicle with attendant liability of damage from passing nolo jects and so exposedto dirt and dust that the rear vision obtained by their means may become clouded and obscured, or have "been mounted-:uponvthe tender of the machine so farldistant from the eyes, of the operator that their usefulness for the desired purposes has been'neces sarily limited. These mirrors Wereof ne- :eessity so located with respect to the vehicle operator that in most-cases he had to turn his lhead to observe even the limited struction presentedi-bythe vehicle top and side supports and curtains, Therefore, it has been impossible :in a-great many instances' for the operator touknow of the presence of a following car immediately in the rear and would only learn, ofsits presenc'e'when it turned out to pass," frequently :too :late fto avoidcollision With the forward vehicle when the" latter changed {its course was in izturning corners, or "in" turning out to avoidvehicles parkedat the curb or other obstructions. Such mirrors are -rendered still further of'lessened -,-value when used in connection withtclosed'cars orvingto'the obstructions afforded-by the posts or stanchions of theearyvhich support the-roof and ,.:side sashes.* I to or {My present invention obviates ,theseinher- I ent 1objectional characteristics of past rear the area desired.

I will now proceed to describe the specific use of the adjustable windshield.

By the use of my invention, the driver may see all objects in the immediate rear of the automobile, or anywhere back of the line of direct vision, he is able to tell if he can safely stop, turn or back the automobile without accident. The importance of this when the automobile is being operated crowded thoroughfares can be easily seen. as an instance, pedestrians are very apt to attempt to cross a street by passing close to the back of an automobile and are liable therefore to be struck if the automobile is backed at such time.

In carrying my invention into practice, l use a mirror of elongated shape preferably -greater in length than height to provide superposed zones of observation and prefe ably, the mirror is adjustably mountedwith respect to the windshield, so that theadjustment of the wlndshield or section thereof for ventilation purposes may be accomplished without affecting the focal position of the mirror and vice versa, the mirror may be adjusted independentlyof the windshield so that a proper focus of the mirror may be had and maintained to permanently cover embodiments, I have chosen to illustrate in the accompanyingdrawing by way of GX- ample as certain methods of carrying my invention into practice and in which draw Figure 1 is a front elevation of one embodiment of my invention,

F igure 2 is a transverse sectional view on the line 22 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrows,

Figure 3 is a front elevation of a slightly modified form of the embodiment disclosed in Figure 1, r

Figure 4: is a perspective view of the front of a coupe or like closedcar, showing; a still further modification of the invention.

Corresponding and like parts are re ferred to in the following description and 1 indicated in all the views of the drawlngs by the same reference characters.

In carrying out the broad idea of the 1nvention, a mirroredstrip, such as a piece of silvered glass, is preferably mounted upon the frame of the wind shield or upon the adjacent edges thereof so-a-s to give a reflected View of the road at the rear of the about the a sired position.

vehicle. This mirrored strip may extend the full length of the wind shield, and may be. adjustably mounted so as to be set and clamped the most advantageous posltion.

One embodiment of my invention is shown by Figures 1 and 2, in which the mirrored strip is suitably mounted so as to be applied to a conventional form of wind shield as an attachment. The numeral 1 designates the lower wind shield section, anl E2 the upper wind shield section, the two sections being; pivotally connected by means of the central pivots 3 and being formed of some transparent material such as glass. This is aconventional form of wind shield, the lower section 1 thereof being rigidly fitted to the dashboard t by suitable clamps 5, while the upper section 2 thereof is adapted to be swung about the central pivots 3 and either folded downwardly against the lower section 1 or swung upwardly into substantial alinement therewith. A. standard or upright arm 6 is ap pli d to either side of the wind shield. In the present instance such standards or arms .6 are shown as secured to the central pivots of the wind shield and as being odset from the vertical plane of the wind shield. A stem 7 is mounted upon each of the standards or arms 6 for vertical adjustment, the said stems terminating" at their upper ends in the pivot heads 8. The standards or arms 6 may have a tubular formation and the stems 7 mounted therein to have a telescop ing movement, suitable means such as a set screw 9 being providedfor lockingthe stems in an adjusted position. The mirrored strip 10 is here shown as extending: the full length of the wind shield 51 4. mounted in a frame 11, the lower edge of the frame being pivotally mounted upon the pivot heads 8 of the stems 7 so as to have a swinsrin move ment. Suitable means such'as' the set screws 12 may be provided for clamping the mirrored strip 10 in an adiusted position. Re ferrinoto Figure it will be observed that the mirrored strip 10 is offset lateral y from the plane of the wind shield and that it can he raised or lowered verticallv or swung s of its support into any de- A modification is shown by Figure 3, in which the mirrored strip is incorporated into a structure over the wind shield instead of being merely an attached portion for the conventional form of wind shield previously described. The numeral 1 designates the lower wind shield section, and 2" the upper wind shield section, the two sections being connected by the central pivots 3": The mirror strip 10? being mounted over the upper edge of the same. The lower wind shield section. 1 is clamped to the dash board 4; in the usual manner by means of the clamps 5, and the upper section 2 is I 40 the usual 10 The i'nii'i ored glass strip i is mountedin a fran e 11 which is pivotelly mounted between the mpel end of the standards 6* so as to he tilted into any desired-position.

Suitable means suches the clamping screws 15 12 "may be provided for leeking' the mirrored strip in en" adjusted position. 'Vi' ith this construction the DfliITOIGiCi stripis -mounted everthe upper edge (if the Windy shield seetiensend is arranged substatigg'tially iil'the plane of the Wind shield, i1 stead of heihgz efise't't'rem the plane thereof, in "the previous instance Theupper "wind shield section 2" can he i'er folded downwardly flQQdlIlSi] the lower Wind shield "tertei'ing in eny'manner" 71th,the iiiirfeied strip, and this mirrored strip can "in turn he eci just'ed in mi? desired nianneirj Without "interfering with the Wind shield.

4-"ri-hich iihistretes 51' cent 3 atthe "f 'ent thereef with a glass Wind 15 21min, iiiin'oredfstifiii 10 i eri'zfnged at the top efthe-Wind shieht j -T1wi s mirrored strip 3 5 i hivotellv mo'u nted :1 t I o i-pesit'eehds therebf herize11taienishind siiii'm g iiito the most'edt ntegrequslposition. I 'Pi'evisimi mai 'he thus made tor entilating the insirie nf the eat; r-isii ellhs iir i idiiig; 1 1S3 Wiiidfshield e nd' ein efi 'eetive P so as to hetilted about a .jiiiii' i i i (-ohjn'netientherewith.

"It wiliythus heseen that'my ni ese nt mventieii vmany i-rnnortant ehtaees Over previously i sed devices, willv also he 1 -15 evident that XVhi1(-. I he ve eh tive .iim'phses mirrers' e teiidiiie' siihstaH- 1 5mm nhiie ii ili d- The mii rmi 'caii" ehvioiisly he of Winri shi u t q t, e till he evident that eilhftheaheve and w In nip other ehensies' mey lhe njiecie Witheiit iiit' 0f mV'iiiVehtidn'er-j scene of the ,fnflowine claims NVhere I T'pesitieii when the I Wimi shield: section is" ti iv the width of the "shield;

lesser ienqthendstiii seiveits intexided phrsoivbses departing? fremthe the , inthe amended el'siims used. the m d "e mated? mirrei'JI IYESITQWEIHVY mirror hieh fl en' in siiifmorted "fiaositi'oii "has ifieeteifliength than height thew I haye U I nsedthe teitin sn eit'hoserh I mean emeng'f' 0' other positions "to include -p0's1t10n1ng the mirror in front e f aeent to thejwindshield, as shown n F gures 1 mid 2; 0i? eh ve the windshield. fls'shown in F1Q111"PS and 4t, the v streetmfe in exit "the 'W iCith er height: of" the? ieiigth mirie'r' stiriijf reflects. t reed behind heme; "adjustable i neepen i ehtly of the wind ifei" iihis cl'ud'ili mir r 'ju stahle construction shown in Figure .2, "Furthermore, the mirror maybe engularly disposed withl'espect t0, the Windshiehi 1 to refle'et the desired area e1" ivi'lelfi' I have used the term zone. i mean' to include any area W thin i cle thetemey *hee eeupied hy a; winilshieitier niiriorte etfe'et-the means otjee eifeci ObSGiVltiOQ-Withill v Willflh tiili'iifl COHCiltJODS are established or fmecie known; thus x vhei e" itspe'ek (if-the mi:-

i'eisl d iiidshiehi"sewin to pmvide snperpesed Zonesoit'ohservation it is intended to convey the idea thetione zone is ever,

shave m edjefient the-ether thus ehabling- -one to visualize tra ic eemii'tio'ns 'ferivard and to therear 0f the vehicle practicaily siniiiltzmeensljn hymeii'ely shiftiiig' the eyes.

in cimnectioniwiththe foregoing state. ments i. desiredte emphasize theifectthat' the smaihetteehahie mirror scopes, esiiew quite ceiiimo'nly used'. being; attached to the side of the Wind shield arenifle Kink shifts mid very inadequate fen theirintenfled-hutpose,- iereas with the present combined ind shield" e11d-inirr0i 2 full View 'O'Fthe roed is eht inecl 'hy a slight elexhtin "of the -ewep it beim iinneeessaii te lein. over to 'one I YsiGesOes to the 01d feifrh Q'fJsi Iemii' Or A thither"medifictienissheivnhy Figiii ef n v J I "Having-thus deserib'ed'theinveiitieng whht shield scone iii-feces;

eluding e'swi I transparent sect 110i n. mirror :htrifiextendin theiiill ihgthot I hie id 'sne stehchirfls'eai rying the $1111 .e'th' mirror strip exist supiiqrting ti" it the ton'of the ti'k rwia'ifeiit the 'iett I visionef'the read in 'frent 2i tell 51hr]! length" rh". r'o'r strih v eld se' for Q0 erewith to term e'mnd sh eld of 'ht'endfite remain in operative swung deii nwardlyq the tienspar ent 'wihd shield section mvmg e elem" visieh ofthe roadinti onthwhile the hilliene th miirer the road hehin d. Wind shield in-' *a swinging transparent sectleng of a,

rip refleets 11 iii 11 vie The eemhmet eii Wim ei lshielth "end i echo.

- -h esv for s in the hill laug ing strip pivoted t ere-011* beingadztpted to he postrin ex ending the full lehgith t y alt) to admit of the mirror being tilted into different angular posit said mirror strip being adapted to be positioned above the wind shield section tor cooperation therewith to form a wind shield of: increased height, and the transparent wind shield section giving 'a clear visi n ofthe road in front, while the full length mirror strip refleets a full view of the road behind.

i. The combination with a wind shield ineluding a swinging transparent section, a

"road in front, while the mirror strip reflects a full 'v'ew of the road behind.

The combination with a wind shield in cluding a swinging transparent section, of a mirror strip extending the full 1 "igth of the wind shield, end standards ofiset laterally from the plane oat-the wind shield section when in upright position, said end standards being formed in telescoping sections and having the ends of the full length mirror" strip pivoted thereon so that the mirror strip can be tilted into ditterent angular positions,

the mirror strip being adapted tobe' positioned above the wind shield section for cooperation therewith to form a wind shield of increased height, the transparent wind shield section giving a clear vision of the road in front, while the mirror strip reflects a full view of the road behind.

6. i The combination with a wind shield formed 'with a transparent portion, of a horizontally elongated mirror strip, and means for supporting the mirror strip upon the wind shield with the mirror strip and transparent portion of the wind shield extending across the line of vision in super posedhorizontal zones, the mirror strip, re-

flecting a view or the road behindwhile the transparent wind shield portion gives a clear view of the road in front I 7. The combination with a wind shield formed with a transparent portion, of a horizontally elongatedmirror strip positioned ad acent the upper part of the transparent wind shleld portion, the mirror strip and wind shield extendingacross the line of vision in superposed horizontal'zones and the, mirror strip reflecting a view of-the road behlnd while the transparent wlnd shield portion gives a clearlview of the road in front. I Z

8. The combination with a wind shield formed with a transparent portion, of a hori- ,zontally elongated mirror strip positioned adjacent tlieupper part of the wind. shield,

and means for tiltably supporting the mirror strip so that it can be swung into different angular positions, the mirror strip and transparent port-ion ot the wind shield:

extending across the line of vision in superposed horizontal zones and the mirror strip reflecting a view of the road behind while the transparent wind shield section gives a clear view of the road in front.

9. The combination with a wind shield. in-

cluding a swinging transparent portion of an elongated mirror strip posit-ionedadjacentthe upper part of the wind shield and means for tiltably supporting the mirror strip, the mirror strip and wind shield portion being tiltable independently of each other and extending across the line of vision in superposed horizontal zones so that the mirror strip reflects a view of the road behind while the transparent wind shield portion gives a clear view of the road in front.

10. The combination with a transparent wind shield, of a mirror strip extending substantially the full length of the wind shield and normally positioned above the same to form a wind shield of increased height, said mirror strip being tiltable into different angular positions and reflecting a full view of the'road behind, while the wind shield gives a clear view of the road in front.

11. The combination with a windshield including a swinging transparent section, of a mirror strip extending the full length of the windshield, and endstandards carrying the full length mirror strip and supporting the same adjacent the top of the transparent windshield section, the latter giving a clear vision of the road in front, while the full length mirror strip reflects a full view of the road behind, the windshield section being adjustable independently of the full length mirror strip.

12. Thecombination with an automobile windshield, of a horizontally disposed.yrelatively long and narrow mirror positioned within the width of the windshield and above the normal line of vision of the driver, said mirror being positioned to reflect a full view of trafllc conditions in rear of the automobile, whereby such tratlic conditions may be observed by the driver substantially simult-aneously with his observation of traffic conditions in front of the automobile.

13. The combination with an automobile body having a windshield including an adjustable part, of a mirror positioned within the width of said automobile body and above the normal line 'o'fvision of the driver, said mirror being so shaped and located as to provide a zone of observation positioned towards the opposite side of the car from the drivers seat to reflect traliic conditions immediately-in rear of the automobile, said mirror being supported independently of said adjustable pun-whereby said part may road behind and through the transparent be adjusted Without affecting the position Windshield of the road in front. I 10.

of the mirror, In testimony whereof I affix my signature 14. In combination with a transparent in presence of two Witnesses.

Windshield, an elongated mirror forming I WILLIAM P. HAMMOND. o therewith", superposed horizontal zones, Witnesses: whereby the driver hassubstantiaHy simul- GEORGE EBERl-IARDT, J12,

taneously a View through the mirror of'the U P. F RANK So NnK. 

